ABSTRACT
Objective: to see the effects of aspartame during 9 weeks with 100,250 and 500 mg/kg/body weight dose of aspartame on: 1. liver weight index in Albino mice. 2. Sinusoids, central and portal veins in mice liver
Material and Methods: it is an experimental study, which was placed in Anatomy Department of Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore. 44 Albino mice were divided equally in four groups A, B, C and D [11 animals each]. Group A was the control group. Groups B, C and D were experimental group's and given aspartame in a dose of 500 mg/ kg/ b.w for 3, 6 and 9 weeks respectively. Aspartame was given orally by gavage method
Results: aspartame reduced body weight, provoked statistical significant increase in liver weight index with increased dose. Congestion and dilation was observed in sinusoids, portal and hepatic veins with increased dose
Conclusion: although aspartame is used for weight loss but its excessive use may lead to hepatic damage
ABSTRACT
Objective: this study was performed to analyze the morphological changes in primary oocyte and zona pellucida of primary follicle in prepubertal albino rats of three weeks ago after exposure to gamma radiation
Material and Methods: 72 female albino rats of age of three weeks were used. Out of these 24, received 4.5 Gray, another 24 received 8.3 Gray of Gamma radiation, and the rest of them received sham radiation. Ovaries of rats were dissected after one day, 7 days and 14 days after irradiation. Five random histological sections of each ovary were examined
Results: intense necrosis was evident in oocyte and granulosa cells of primary follicles after one day- post radiation. The zona pellucid a remained in contact with the oocyte and granulosa cells in initial phase of atresia. With progressing atresia, zona pellucida lost its contact with the oocytes and granulosa cells. Disintegration of zona pellucida started after development of apoptotic bodies in primary follicles. Disintegrated zona pellucida disappeared rapidly in experimental groups, particularly in high dose group. The basement membrane was irregular and disrupted in atretic follicles
Conclusion: therefore, we can conclude that gamma radiation induces rapid necrosis and cyst formation in primary oocyte. Disintegration of zona pellucida with progression of atresia in ovarian follicle was evident. Gamma radiation also produces irregular, disrupted and thinner basement membrane
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To analyze the effects of Cyclosporin A on Proximal and Distal convoluted tubules of kidneys when given in therapeutic doses during gestation
Materials and Methods: Twelve pregnant mice were divided into two groups, having six animals each. Control group A was given daily subcutaneous injection of normal saline for 18 days during gestation. The Experimental group B was subjected to daily subcutaneous injections of 50 mg/kg CsA for 18 days during gestation. The pregnant mice were sacrificed on 18 days of gestation. The fetal kidneys were dissected and fixed in 10% formalin for histological examination
Results: The nephrogenic zone was disorganized, thicker and composed of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, indicating impairment of nephrogenesis. Proximal convoluted tubules of CsA treated groups showed excessive vacuolar degenerative changes in epithelial cell, the score for tubular vacuolization was 2.03+/- 0.42 in experimental group and 0.80 +/- 0.61 in control groups respectively [p<0.000]. Majority of components of tubular system, including convoluted tubules and loops of henle showed atrophic changes; they were dilated and distorted having thickened basement membrane with no brush border. The tubular atrophic score was higher [1.82 +/- 0.38] in experimental group and [0.00 +/- 0.00,] in control group
Conclusion: The current study investigated the effects of CsA given to mice during intrauterine life in therapeutic doses. The work clearly illustrated harmful effects of the drug leading to statistically significant histological changes which included tubular vacuolization and tubular atrophy suggestive of fetal nephrotoxicity and may eventually lead to renal failure. It might produce comparable effects in human conceptuses after intake of CsA by pregnant mothers
ABSTRACT
Purpose: to analyze the morphometric changes, including diameter of ovary and oocytes in ovarian follicles as well as histological changes in these follicles in prepubertal rats after exposure to gamma radiation
Materials and Methods: 108 albino rats of 3wks age were the subjects of this study. Out of them, randomly chosen 36 animals received 4.5Gy and next 36 received 8.3Gy of gamma radiation, while rest of them received sham radiation. Ovaries of animals were dissected out 2hrs, 4hrs, 6hrs, one day, 7days and 14days after irradiation. Micrometry was performed for diameter of ovaries and oocytes in ovarian follicles. Histological examination of five random sections of each ovary was performed
Results: there was a dose related reduction in mean diameter of ovary and diameter of oocyte in primordial and primary follicles within 7 days. Oocytes in primordial and primary follicles also showed necrotic changes within 7days. Granulosa cells in primary follicles showed intense apoptosis during first six hours, followed by necrosis and development of cystic cavities containing remnants of oocyte and granulosa cells. Apoptosis, necrosis and cyst formation were not observed in granulosa cells of primordial follicles
Conclusion: therefore, it is concluded that gamma ionizing radiation induces reduction in diameter of ovaries and oocytes of primordial and primary follicles. It causes necrosis of oocytes and sequential changes including intense apoptosis and necrotic degeneration of granulosa cells in primary follicles leading to formation of abundant follicular cysts. It induces intense reduction in ovarian follicular reserve